For travelers of the early 15th century, reaching Thessaloniki could be accomplished either by land or sea: By Land: Most travelers coming from Western Europe or other parts of the Balkans would journey via the Via Egnatia. This road was still a major artery for merchants and pilgrims, link

Introduction Thessaloniki, known in medieval times as Salonica or Thessalonica, was a bustling and cosmopolitan city located in the northern region of Greece, along the Thermaic Gulf of the Aegean Sea. By the year 1423, Thessaloniki had experienced centuries of rich history marked by Roman, Byzan

The epithet "the Lion" conjures images of a powerful, courageous, and dominant king. However, William’s actions and reign tell a different story. Military Weakness: His capture at Alnwick and forced submission to Henry II reveal a lack of military success.   P

Despite the dominance of England in Scottish affairs, William also sought alliances elsewhere. He married Ermengarde de Beaumont, daughter of a powerful Norman noble family in France, in an effort to strengthen his position. He also sought to maintain friendly ties with other European powers, inc